White-browed Robin-Chat

Cossypha heuglini - Cossyphe de Heuglin

Systematics
  • Order 
    :

    Passeriformes

  • Family
    :

    Muscicapidés

  • Genus
    :

    Cossypha

  • Species
    :

    heuglini

Descriptor

Hartlaub, 1866

Biometrics
  • Size
    : 20 cm
  • Wingspan
    : -
  • Weight
    : 29 à 44 g
Geographic range

Distribution

Identification

Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult
Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult

White-browed Robin-Chat is a thrush-sized Turdid, with the look of a redstart. The adult is hooded black, with a very distinct white eyebrow from the beak to the nape. What stands out at first sight is the bright orange hue of all the underparts. An orange collar separates the nape from the mantle. The orange colour also reaches the rump, back, uppertail coverts and exterior rectrices, but the latter is largely masked by the wings on the perched bird. The mantle is of an olive-brown colour. The wings and central rectrices are brown with a hint of grey. The iris is dark brown. The fairly strong beak is black and the legs are pinkish to brownish. The subspecies subrufescens is distinguished from the nominate by its black central rectrices. The juvenile has a plumage less defined with less clear colours. Some of the feathers have a slightly scaly look. The head is brown with an almost invisible eyebrow.
White-browed Robin-Chat can be mistaken for Rüppell's Robin-Chat to the north of its range, but the latter is smaller, with wings and central rectrices darker, and it has no complete red collar. It can also look like Blue-winged Robin-Chat to the west, with the adults showing a distinct blue colour on the small closed wing feathers, and whose song includes many imitations of other birds.

Subspecific information 3 subspecies

  • Cossypha heuglini heuglini (s Chad and s Sudan south to e Angola, Botswana and n South Africa)
  • Cossypha heuglini subrufescens (Gabon to w Angola)
  • Cossypha heuglini intermedia (s Somalia along the coast to ne South Africa)

Foreign names

  • Cossyphe de Heuglin,
  • Cosifa de Heuglin,
  • cossifa-mascarada-de-cauda-castanha,
  • Weißbrauenrötel,
  • szemsávos rozsdásrigó,
  • Witbrauwlawaaimaker,
  • Cossifa cigliabianche,
  • vitbrynad snårskvätta,
  • Hvitbryntrosteskvett,
  • drozdík stužkatý,
  • drozdík bělobrvý,
  • Drosselsanger,
  • puistopunatasku,
  • Heuglinjanfrederik,
  • cossifa de Heuglin,
  • złotokos białobrewy,
  • Белобровая чекановая горихвостка,
  • マミジロツグミヒタキ,
  • 白眉歌䳭,
  • 白眉歌鵖,

Voice song and cries

Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult

The song of the White-browed Robin-Chat is renowned for its power and musicality. This one does not break from the rule. The strophes are quite short but melodic, with a deep timbre with oriolid-like inflections. It usually starts softly then gains progressively in volume. Usually it contains few imitations. The two sexes talk to each other. The female interposes high-pitched tseeees between the phrases of the male. The calls are varied and hard to transcribe. In their repertoire one can distinguish contact calls of yup. Alarm calls include low creaks and imitations of alarms of other species like bulbuls.

Habitat

Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult

White-browed Robin-Chats frequent the edges of evergreen forests and thickets. These are particularly favored when they have termite mounds and a broken canopy along the riverbanks.

They also occupy Acacia woodlands close to reeds and Phragmites of lakes and small islets. So long as they are shaded, they are unbothered by damaged habitats and miombo, a kind of wooded savannah.
In East Africa, White-browed Robin-Chats live from sea level up to 2,200 meters. In other African regions, they occupy sites up to 2,300 meters, except for south of the Limpopo River where they do not reach higher than 1,000 meters.

Behaviour character trait

Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult

White-browed Robin-Chats are quite discreet and can easily go unnoticed if not for the powerful song of the males.

Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult
They spend a lot of time on the ground, quickly progressing in leaps and having frequent stops. On the ground, they mainly look for their food by turning over the leaf litter with their beak. They also capture winged insects like termites during brief aerial pursuits. But they also willingly perch in the woody plants of the understory and it is from there that males sing, quite hidden in the foliage.

Dietfeeding habits

Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult

White-browed Robin-Chats mainly consume insects, particularly ants and beetles. However, the diet also includes fruits.

From a sample of about 20 stomachs examined, 86% contain ants (4 different families), 75% beetles (9 families, including ladybugs, tenebrionids, curculionids and many other phytophagous insects, as well as buprestids in regions where farming is practiced), and 32% caterpillars. The remainder of the menu consists of unidentified fruits, bugs, wasps. Spiders, pillbugs, flies, millipedes and small tree frogs constitute a very small proportion.

Reproduction nesting

Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult

In East Africa, the nesting season generally coincides with the rainy season (April-May and November-January), while in equatorial regions, including around Lake Victoria, it has a tendency to take place throughout the year.

Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult
Other dates are June in Ethiopia and September-February in regions south of 10° south latitude. There can be two broods per year.
During the breeding season, White-browed Robin-Chats usually make a territory of about 1 ha, though its size can vary depending on the quality of the habitat. In a week, the couple builds an open-cup-shaped nest with dead leaves and coarse twigs. It is lined with moss, rootlets, grass stalks and elephant grass. The structure is situated in a crevice or a tree cavity, on a shrub branch, less than 2 meters above the ground. In a bamboo thicket, it is set up to 8 meters.
Sometimes old nests are repaired and reused after some minor renovations.
The clutch contains 1 to 3 eggs, which are milky brown, olive-fawn, cream or bluish in color, sometimes with reddish brown spots. Incubation time gets longer as it goes south of the range (12 days in Kenya and up to 17 days in Natal).
After fledging, the chicks remain dependent on the family for 3 to 4 weeks. The nests are parasited by the cuckoo and regularily predated by cats and arboreal snakes (Dispholidae). Despite these rather common hazards, the success rate to adulthood is 83%, which is an excellent score.

Geographic range

Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult

White-browed Robin-Chat is widely distributed in Africa, ranging from southern Chad and the Sudan to northeastern South Africa in latitude, and from Angola to Mozambique in longitude.
C. h. subrufescens - Gabon to western Angola.
C. h. heuglini - Southern Chad, southwest Sudan, northwest Central African Republic eastwards across Ethiopia, south to east Angola, north Botswana, Zimbabwe and north South Africa.
C. h. intermedia - Southern Somalia and the entire east coast of Africa to Natal.

Threats - protection

Cossyphe de Heuglin
adult
IUCN conservation status
Extinct
Threatened
Least
concern
Extinc
in the Wild
Near
threatened
Not
evaluated
EX EW CR EN VU NT LC NE

The White-browed Robin-Chat is rare but locally common across its African range. Density, for example, is 3 birds per hectare in South Africa (Natal). The species is not currently threatened. Since the 1950s, it has been steadily, even slowly, expanding its range to the south.

Sources of information

Other sources of interest

QRcode Cossyphe de HeuglinSpecification sheet created on 28/10/2023 by
partially rewritten on 00/00/0000 by
Translation by AI Oiseaux.net
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